為何畢達哥拉斯沒有偏向?
…………………………………………………*李察
(問到底 No.7531 2009 0928 Monday)
*周一人物*
這一類型題目,未必一切人都有興趣知道。但這
問題,卻舉足輕重,可能看見西方文化在兩千年間的
變異。
兩年,好像很久,事實上只是昨天。兩年前李察
寫過:「畢達哥拉斯跟孔子有何不同?」觀點如下:
畢達哥拉斯是柏拉圖和亞里士多德的前輩,他是
開啟西方世界的智者,但他卻是從未留下片言隻字的
思想家。Pythagoras (c.570 B.C.- c.500 B.C.)認
為,宇宙就是秩序。這是後世哲學家輾轉傳述的。從
未能証明他這樣說過。大約這是一種網絡性質的想
法。就跟孔子幾乎一樣。孔子也認為,一切都是秩序。
自然,這是你無法跟儒家學者爭辯的。他們認為,這
句話未曾登錄在《論語》裡。
問題是:如果一切都是秩序,那麼,秩序在那裡?
畢達哥拉斯認為,秩序在數字裡。他研究數學。而孔
子認為,秩序在禮裡。他主張服從。而他們就是這樣
不同。而同一時刻,兩個世界,就分開了。
x x x
人人知道畢達哥拉斯是個數學家。著名的直角三
角形方程式,就是他發明的。但只有很少人知道,他
同時也是一個「神秘學家」。他主張,人是有靈魂的。
他主張,人的靈魂,會不斷轉移,從一個身體,轉到
另一個身體去。而且,他認為,世間一切,都不斷重
覆。每事每物,彼此都是相關的。而且,人是會輪迴
的,他堅稱,他能夠記得自己的前生事跡。(參考:
Great Thinkers A-Z , Edited by Julian Baggini and
Jeremy Stangroom)
他雖然重視數學,但從未宣稱,一切都是數。這
是後世哲學家,根據他的音樂理論推論出來的。
畢達哥拉斯第一個發現音樂中含有數學。他觀察
鐵匠打鐵,他注意到,不同的打鐵聲之中,有某種數
學關係。
自然,這是極端重要的發現。以後西方音樂和東
方音樂,就是從這裡分開的。西方音樂,之所以能夠
用符號記錄,就是他的功勞。
西方哲學,發展到了近世,羅素Bertrand Russell
1872-1970) 等人,卻只承認「一切都是數」的觀點。
羅素認為,數是永恆的eternal,不可改變的
immutable,而且是客觀存在的existed
independently。無論你是否注意到數,數都是存在
的。
了解羅素這句話,大約,就會看到西方文化的弱
點在那裡。
西方文化的弱點,就是外在的觀察方式。數不是
eternal ,而只是external。以這種外在的觀察方
式,是不可能進入事物的內裡,觀察到內在的另外一
面的。
問題是為甚麼,經歷了兩千年,西方哲學家可能
完全否定畢達哥拉斯的神秘主義觀點。為甚麼西方哲
學家不承認靈魂存在,因而也無法了解生命。
大約這就是西方哲學的偏向。畢達哥拉斯使我們
看到,遠古的西方哲學,並無偏向。偏向是後來發生
的。西方哲學並無斷層,也沒有秦始皇和孔子割斷文
化,但仍有偏向。如果李察的觀察不錯,西方偏向是
從達芬奇開始的。到了牛頓,偏向就大定了。
(Leechardasks.blogspot.com)
(明天問題:____________)
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(本文貼出日期: 2009.9.28. 香港時間:5:00pm)
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Leechard,
回覆刪除My childhood experiences and my adult relationships etc. are very similar to that of the psychologist, Karen Horney.
I feel that my experience is the repetition of hers. Ex. I have the same dreams.
So I think Pythagoras is probably right. Do you think Pythagoras is right?
Cathy
Dear Leechard,
回覆刪除I was with an ex-boyfriend 7 years ago. His personality is similar to Karen’s lover, being a savior, “playing the role of one who was always right, always superior, always generous” (P. 197) and that he didn’t want her at times. I had dreams of him flying away as a big bird, “the gambling stand and the freak show” and drifting on waves, the tower in a desert, and the swamp. It was all in chapter 8 of “Self-Analysis”. I didn’t experience some of the associations she described. Karen’s relationship to Erich Fromm (I’m not sure if it is he), is similar to mine. My mom also had a preference for my brother too in the past.
You said that bad people are going to lose in the end earlier, and that we are one. If we love them, we’ll want them to win. Can you explain?
Cathy
Dear Cathy,
回覆刪除I believe your story is a lengthy one, though you may not have the time to tell the details. However, you had spotted the book, which is similar to yours.......
as for the question, I might or might not had said the line " we'll want them to "win", but the idea might be near. could you also site what article is it?
for some "bad guys", if you could see how they had become "bad", and you might see how these people could not help themselves, but obey the call of a certain "bad nature", which is really really very sad indeed.
Leechard